The 2018 Reality of Aid (RoA) Report has the theme “The Changing Faces of Development Aid and Cooperation: Will new directions and forms of aid benefit the poor?” Authors of the different chapters examine in closer detail current narratives and trends in Official Development Assistance (ODA), which risk undermining the unique contribution that it can make to the elimination of poverty and inequality in developing countries. It also answers the following questions: How are these debates manifested at the country level? To what extent are ODA initiatives contributing to the fulfillment of human rights-based sustainable development for people living in poverty in the global South? What do current trends and practices say about the future of aid?